Functional Safety Microcontrollers (MCUs) Market Size, Share, & Forecast by ASIL Level (A, B, C, D), Core Architecture, Peripherals, and Software Support (AUTOSAR)- Global Forecast (2026-2036)

The global functional safety microcontrollers (MCUs) market is expected to reach USD 14.73 billion by 2036 from USD 4.92 billion in 2026, at a CAGR of 11.6% from 2026 to 2036.

Functional Safety Microcontrollers (MCUs) are specialized integrated circuits. They are designed and certified to meet strict automotive safety standards, especially the ISO 26262 Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) requirements. This ensures reliable and safe operation in safety-critical automotive applications.

These microcontrollers include hardware-level safety features. They have error detection and correction (EDAC) for memory, redundant processing cores for lockstep operation, built-in self-test (BIST) capabilities, safety monitors and watchdogs, and fail-safe state management. These features help detect, diagnose, and respond to potential failures that could threaten vehicle safety.

By using fault-tolerant designs and extensive diagnostic coverage, functional safety MCUs support critical automotive systems. These systems include advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), electronic stability control, electric power steering, brake-by-wire, steer-by-wire, and autonomous driving functions. These features help achieve the safety integrity levels required by international standards and regulations.

Key Market Highlights  and Insights:

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1. In 2026, Europe accounts for the largest share of the global functional safety microcontrollers market, driven by stringent automotive safety regulations, strong presence of premium automotive manufacturers implementing advanced safety systems, and established automotive safety culture requiring ISO 26262 compliance.
2. Asia-Pacific is projected to register the highest CAGR during the forecast period, fueled by rapidly growing automotive production, increasing adoption of ADAS and autonomous driving technologies, expanding electric vehicle segment requiring safety-certified control systems, and rising safety awareness in emerging automotive markets.
3. Based on ASIL level, the ASIL D segment holds the largest share of the market in 2026, driven by the highest safety integrity requirements for mission-critical systems including autonomous driving, brake control, and steering control that demand the most stringent functional safety certification.
4. Based on core architecture, the multi-core lockstep segment dominates the market in 2026, owing to its superior fault detection capabilities through redundant core operation and ability to meet ASIL D requirements for safety-critical applications.
5. Based on peripherals, the integrated safety peripherals segment is expected to witness significant growth during the forecast period, driven by demand for comprehensive on-chip safety mechanisms reducing external component requirements and system complexity.
6. Based on software support, the AUTOSAR-compliant segment accounts for the largest share of the market in 2026, fueled by industry-wide adoption of standardized automotive software architecture and requirement for interoperability across multi-supplier automotive systems.
7. The ASIL C segment is expected to grow at a significant CAGR during the forecast period, driven by expanding adoption in ADAS features, electric vehicle powertrain control, and advanced chassis systems requiring high but not maximum safety integrity levels.
8. The U.S. functional safety microcontrollers market is projected to grow at a CAGR of around 10% during the forecast period 2026 to 2036, driven by increasing deployment of autonomous driving systems, NHTSA safety initiatives, and strong automotive technology innovation ecosystem.
9. China is expected to lead the Asia-Pacific functional safety microcontrollers market, driven by massive automotive production volumes, government mandates for ADAS and autonomous driving safety features, rapid electric vehicle adoption, and growing domestic capability in automotive semiconductor design.
10. In 2026, Germany is projected to account for the largest share of the European functional safety microcontrollers market, driven by its automotive industry leadership, concentration of tier-1 automotive suppliers, and pioneering development of autonomous driving and advanced safety systems by manufacturers like BMW, Mercedes-Benz, and Audi.

Market Overview: 

Functional Safety Microcontrollers represent an important development in automotive semiconductor technology. They move from basic reliability methods to carefully designed and certified safety systems that provide measurable and verifiable safety. These microcontrollers form the core of safety-critical automotive systems. If they malfunction, it could cause serious injury or death. Therefore, designers must create hardware and software that can detect failures, keep systems operating safely during faults, and switch to fail-safe modes as needed. By embedding safety features directly into their silicon design and supporting structured safety development processes, functional safety MCUs allow automakers to implement more complex electronic control systems while adhering to strict international safety standards. 

Several key trends are changing the functional safety microcontrollers market. These include rapid advancements in autonomous driving technology that need ASIL D-certified computing platforms. The electrification of vehicle powertrains is creating new safety-critical applications for battery management and motor control. The rise of advanced driver assistance systems is broadening the range of safety-critical electronic functions. Additionally, automotive electrical and electronic systems are evolving toward centralized domain controllers and zone controllers, which consolidate safety functions and require higher-performance safety MCUs. The combined effects of regulatory pressure from safety standards like ISO 26262, advancements in fault-tolerant semiconductor design, the safety needs of autonomous vehicles, and a commitment across the industry to a vision of zero fatalities have made functional safety MCUs essential for next-generation automotive systems. 

Key Trends Shaping the Market: 

The functional safety microcontrollers market is shifting toward more sophisticated and higher-performance safety systems. There is a deeper integration of safety features across all system levels. Advanced functional safety MCUs are progressing beyond basic dual-core lockstep setups. They now include complex safety ecosystems with multi-core lockstep clusters that support heterogeneous processing for AI, extensive on-chip safety monitors, diagnostics, hardware virtualization, and the ability to manage mixed-criticality tasks. They also integrate with external safety elements like safety companion chips and system basis chips. The combination of multiple safety features—redundant cores, memory protection units, error correction codes, built-in self-test, cross-checking paths, and fail-safe state management—allows these MCUs to achieve ASIL D certification with measurable diagnostic coverage and fault management capabilities. 

Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) requirements are pushing architectural changes in functional safety MCUs. ASIL D, the highest level, requires an extremely low chance of safety violations (less than 10^-8 failures per hour) and extensive fault detection, isolation, and handling abilities. Modern ASIL D MCUs use multiple layers of redundancy, such as dual-core or triple-core lockstep for processing, along with duplicated or triplicated safety-critical peripherals, robust memory protection, error detection and correction, and comprehensive diagnostics for all safety-critical functions. The complexity and verification needed for ASIL D certification create considerable technical and financial challenges, concentrating the market among established semiconductor suppliers with significant automotive safety knowledge and the resources to execute rigorous certification processes. 

The shift to autonomous driving is fundamentally altering the requirements for functional safety MCUs. As vehicles move through the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) automation levels from Level 2 to Level 4, the criticality of computing platforms increases significantly, as human drivers are no longer constantly monitoring the system and ready to step in. This has led to a higher demand for high-performance ASIL D-certified MCUs and system-on-chips (SoCs) capable of executing complex perception, decision-making, and control tasks while ensuring thorough fault detection and safe operation. Many autonomous driving systems use safety architectures that combine primary computing platforms with independent safety MCUs that supervise system behavior and can safely halt the vehicle if issues arise.

Market Dynamics: 

Driver: Autonomous Driving and Advanced ADAS Deployment 

The rapid growth and rollout of autonomous driving technologies and advanced driver assistance systems are the main factors fueling the adoption and development of functional safety microcontrollers. As vehicles move through SAE automation levels, the importance of electronic safety systems increases significantly because human drivers take on fewer supervisory roles or none at all. Level 2 and Level 3 systems are quickly becoming common in mainstream vehicle segments and need ASIL C or ASIL D certification for crucial functions like adaptive cruise control, lane keeping assist, automatic emergency braking, and traffic jam assist. Level 4 and Level 5 autonomous systems operate without human intervention in specific or all conditions, respectively, and require ASIL D certification for nearly all perception, planning, and control functions. McKinsey & Company reports that advanced driver assistance systems are expected to be in over 70% of new vehicles worldwide by 2030, up from about 40% in 2025. This increase will create a huge demand for functional safety MCUs. Each autonomous or ADAS feature needs its own safety-certified compute capability. Vehicles often have multiple safety MCUs tailored for different functions, such as camera processing, radar processing, sensor fusion, path planning, vehicle control, and backup safety monitoring. The architectural complexity of these autonomous systems, which may include primary compute platforms along with redundant backup systems, increases the need for more MCUs per vehicle. 

Driver: Electric Vehicle Electrification and X-by-Wire Systems 

The global shift to electric vehicles is driving significant demand for functional safety microcontrollers in safety-critical powertrain and chassis applications. Electric vehicles use high-voltage battery systems, traction inverters, and electric motors that need advanced electronic control with strong safety measures to avoid dangerous situations like thermal runaway, short circuits, and unintended acceleration or braking. Battery management systems (BMS) for EV high-voltage batteries must use ASIL C or ASIL D functional safety MCUs to track individual cell voltages and temperatures, control contactors and safety interlocks, and ensure safe operation under all conditions. Traction inverter control modulates high-power transistors that switch hundreds of amperes at high voltages and requires functional safety MCUs with precise real-time control and thorough fault detection. The International Energy Agency states that global electric vehicle sales reached 14 million units in 2023, with projections to surpass 40 million by 2030. Each vehicle requires multiple functional safety MCUs for powertrain applications. Beyond electrification, the automotive industry is moving traditional mechanical and hydraulic systems to electronic "X-by-wire" systems, including brake-by-wire, steer-by-wire, and shift-by-wire. These systems eliminate mechanical backup systems and depend entirely on electronic control, necessitating ASIL D functional safety certification. X-by-wire systems require redundant functional safety MCUs with independent power sources and communication paths to maintain safe operation during single-point failures. 

Opportunity: Integration of AI Acceleration with Functional Safety 

Combining artificial intelligence acceleration capabilities with functional safety certification offers a significant growth opportunity that meets the computational needs of modern ADAS and autonomous driving perception and decision-making algorithms. Advanced driver assistance and autonomous driving systems increasingly use deep neural networks for functions like object detection, classification, scene understanding, and path planning. These functions are critical for safety yet demanding on computational resources. Traditional safety MCUs focused on control applications do not provide the computational power needed for real-time inference of large neural networks, leading to a need for safety-certified AI accelerators or heterogeneous SoCs that combine safety MCU cores with neural processing units (NPUs) or tensor accelerators. Several semiconductor companies are working on ASIL-certified AI acceleration solutions through varied methods, including safety-certified neural network accelerators that include fault detection and diagnostic coverage, heterogeneous SoCs that have lockstep safety cores alongside AI accelerators where the safety core supervises AI accelerator outputs, and safety software frameworks that allow the use of non-certified AI accelerators with runtime monitoring and plausibility checks. This integration makes it possible to implement advanced AI-based perception and decision-making in safety-critical applications while maintaining ISO 26262 compliance, opening new markets for functional safety semiconductor solutions in the growing fields of autonomous driving and ADAS. 

Opportunity: Consolidation Through Domain and Zone Controllers 

The development of automotive electrical and electronic architectures toward domain and zone controller designs creates a significant market opportunity for high-performance, highly integrated functional safety MCUs and SoCs. Traditionally, distributed architectures used many small electronic control units (ECUs) spread throughout vehicles, with simpler functional safety MCUs managing individual tasks. Now, modern vehicles are shifting to consolidated architectures where powerful domain controllers gather functions within domains like ADAS, chassis, powertrain, and infotainment, while zone controllers oversee all functions in specific vehicle areas regardless of their functional domain. This shift leads to a need for more capable functional safety MCUs that can support several safety-critical functions at once through hardware virtualization, temporal and spatial separation techniques, and mixed-criticality scheduling. A single domain controller could manage functions ranging from ASIL QM (no safety requirements) to ASIL D on a common platform, necessitating advanced safety architectures with strong isolation and separation guarantees. This trend towards consolidation is driven by the need to reduce vehicle wiring complexity and weight, enable over-the-air software updates through centralized systems, support advanced features that require cross-domain integration, and lower per-vehicle costs despite higher individual MCU expenses. This architectural evolution favors high-end, highly integrated functional safety solutions and creates opportunities for MCU suppliers that can offer complete safety ecosystems, including hardware, software, tools, and certification support.

Segment Analysis: 

By ASIL Level: 

In 2026, the ASIL D segment will hold the largest share of the overall functional safety microcontrollers market. ASIL D represents the highest automotive safety integrity level under ISO 26262. This level demands strict fault detection, isolation, and handling, with target failure rates below 10^-8 dangerous failures per hour. ASIL D certification is required for the most safety-critical automotive functions, where a malfunction can lead to severe injury or death. This includes primary braking systems, electronic stability control, electric power steering, autonomous driving control, and X-by-wire systems (like brake-by-wire and steer-by-wire) that lack mechanical backups. Achieving ASIL D certification requires complex architecture, which increases the average selling prices of MCUs and makes this segment the most technically advanced and profitable. ASIL D MCUs typically use dual-core or triple-core lockstep architectures, where redundant cores execute the same code. Comparators check for any divergences, signaling hardware faults. They also include comprehensive memory protection, error correction codes, duplicated or triplicated safety-critical peripherals, extensive built-in self-test coverage, and sophisticated diagnostic and fault handling features. The growth of this segment is driven by more ASIL D-required functions, including autonomous driving, where the absence of driver supervision raises the safety requirements for virtually all compute functions. The rise of X-by-wire systems, which remove mechanical backups, and the need for high safety levels in electric vehicle powertrain control also contribute to this growth. 

The ASIL C segment is expected to grow significantly during the forecast period because it applies to many advanced driver assistance systems and vehicle control functions that require high, but not maximum, safety integrity. ASIL C systems target failure rates below 10^-7 dangerous failures per hour and use less redundancy than ASIL D systems. They often employ single-core architectures with comprehensive diagnostic coverage instead of full lockstep redundancy. Many ADAS features, such as adaptive cruise control, lane departure warning, blind spot detection, and parking assistance, aim for ASIL C certification. Advanced powertrain control functions like transmission control, engine management, and hybrid control systems typically also require ASIL C. This segment benefits from the rapid adoption of ADAS features as standard equipment across vehicle segments and the balance between safety needs and cost-effectiveness that makes ASIL C suitable for many applications. 

The ASIL B segment is steadily growing, addressing applications that need moderate safety integrity. These include body control, lighting control, wiper control, and various comfort and convenience functions. While these functions have safety implications, they are less critical than chassis or powertrain systems. ASIL A, the lowest safety integrity level, applies to applications with a minimal direct safety impact and is experiencing a decline as more automotive functions require higher safety levels. 

By Core Architecture: 

The multi-core lockstep segment is expected to have the largest market share in 2026. Lockstep architectures use two or more identical CPU cores that execute the same instructions at the same time, with comparator logic checking that both cores yield identical results. Any differences indicate a hardware fault in one core, triggering diagnostic processes and safe state transitions. Dual-core lockstep is the most common setup for ASIL D applications, providing thorough fault detection for transient errors (such as soft errors from radiation or voltage fluctuations) and permanent errors (like manufacturing defects or aging effects). Some setups use triple-core lockstep with voting logic for even greater fault tolerance. Lockstep architectures meet the diagnostic coverage percentages required for ASIL D certification, typically over 99% for safety-critical functions. They are recognized as best practice for the highest-integrity applications. This segment's dominance reflects the growth of ASIL D applications in autonomous driving, X-by-wire systems, and crucial powertrain control. Major automotive semiconductor suppliers, such as Infineon, NXP, Renesas, and STMicroelectronics, offer a wide range of lockstep MCU portfolios based on ARM Cortex-R cores set up for lockstep operation. 

The multi-core asymmetric segment is rapidly growing due to domain controller and zone controller architectures that need mixed-criticality processing. Asymmetric multi-core architectures combine lockstep cores for safety-critical tasks with independent cores for non-safety functions, allowing various applications to be consolidated onto single MCU platforms. A typical setup might include dual Cortex-R cores in lockstep for ASIL D functions, additional independent Cortex-R cores for ASIL B/C functions, and Cortex-A application cores for non-safety Quality Management functions, all within a single SoC with hardware isolation features such as memory protection units, hardware virtualization, and temporal isolation. This architecture allows the best resource allocation, where safety-critical functions get the redundancy and diagnostic coverage they need, while non-safety functions can use simpler, more efficient processing. 

The single-core with safety mechanisms segment caters to ASIL B and ASIL C applications where full lockstep redundancy is not necessary, but comprehensive diagnostic coverage is critical. These MCUs use extensive self-test mechanisms, memory protection, peripheral monitoring, and safe state management to reach the required safety levels without the higher cost and complexity of lockstep setups. 

By Peripherals: 

The integrated safety peripherals segment is expected to lead the market in 2026. Modern functional safety MCUs include comprehensive safety-enhanced peripheral sets directly on-chip. This reduces the need for external components, boosts reliability, and simplifies safety certification. Integrated safety peripherals encompass CAN FD and Ethernet communication interfaces with error detection and correction, ADC converters with redundant channels and cross-checking, PWM generators for motor control featuring extensive diagnostics, timer/counter units with monitoring and plausibility checks, and memory controllers with error correction code protection. The trend toward integration is driven by several system-level benefits. These include a lower component count that decreases system cost and improves reliability, a simplified safety case since on-chip peripherals fall under the MCU's safety certification, better performance from optimized integration, and less PCB complexity allowing smaller ECUs. Integrated peripherals are especially crucial for ASIL D applications, where external peripheral components would need their own safety mechanisms and thorough verification. This segment also benefits from advancements in semiconductor processes, enabling more sophisticated peripheral integration without excessively increasing die size, along with automotive MCU suppliers investing in comprehensive peripheral IP libraries designed specifically for functional safety applications. 

The external safety companion chip segment addresses applications that require additional safety features beyond what integrated MCU peripherals can offer. These safety companion chips, also known as system basis chips, integrate power management, communication transceivers, watchdog timers, and monitoring functions into separate safety-certified ICs that work with primary MCUs. These devices help with power supply monitoring and fail-safe shutdown, backup watchdog functionality with complex window oversight, safe communication transceiver management, and sensor supply monitoring for external sensors. This segment serves applications where external safety functions are architecturally required, legacy designs that follow traditional MCU plus SBC setups, or power management needs that exceed MCU integration capabilities. 

By Software Support: 

The AUTOSAR-compliant segment holds the largest market share in 2026. AUTOSAR (AUTomotive Open System ARchitecture) is widely accepted as the standard automotive embedded software architecture. Virtually all major automotive OEMs and tier-1 suppliers require AUTOSAR-compliant ECU development. AUTOSAR offers standardized software layering that separates application software from hardware through clear interfaces, enabling software to be portable across various MCU platforms. This standardization facilitates multi-supplier development and supports systematic safety development processes, aligned with ISO 26262. Functional safety MCU suppliers provide complete AUTOSAR-compliant software stacks. These include MCAL (Microcontroller Abstraction Layer) for standardized hardware abstraction of MCU peripherals, a Safety Library and Safety Manual offering safety mechanisms and guidance for developing safety applications, certified AUTOSAR OS for real-time scheduling and resource management, and full toolchains for building, debugging, and certifying AUTOSAR applications. The value of robust AUTOSAR support has become a key criterion for choosing MCUs, with automotive customers preferring suppliers that provide mature, reliable, certified AUTOSAR implementations that shorten development time and certification efforts. The segment's prominence reflects the automotive industry's standardization on AUTOSAR as the foundational software architecture for traditional control ECUs built on safety MCUs. 

The proprietary RTOS segment remains relevant for applications where AUTOSAR overhead is not justified or where specialized real-time operating systems offer specific benefits. Some safety MCU applications use certified proprietary RTOSs from vendors such as Green Hills Software (INTEGRITY), Wind River (VxWorks), and others that guarantee hard real-time performance and come with safety certifications. This segment is declining as the automotive industry standardizes around AUTOSAR. 

The bare-metal/no OS segment caters to simple control applications where operating system overhead is unnecessary, allowing for implementations as superloop or interrupt-driven architectures. Some safety applications, especially in the ASIL A or ASIL B categories, use bare-metal setups for maximum determinism and minimal complexity. However, this approach becomes less practical for more complex modern applications.

By Application: 

The autonomous driving and ADAS segment is expected to experience the highest growth rate during the forecast period. This segment covers all safety-critical compute functions for assisted and autonomous driving. It includes sensor processing (camera, radar, lidar), sensor fusion, environment modeling, path planning, decision making, vehicle motion control, and backup safety monitoring. The computational needs for these functions, especially perception using deep learning, increase the demand for high-performance functional safety MCUs and SoCs that combine lockstep safety cores with AI acceleration. The rapid growth in this segment is driven by regulatory mandates for ADAS features, fast progress in autonomous driving technology towards commercial use, and safety requirements raising nearly all autonomous driving compute to ASIL D integrity levels as human supervision decreases. 

The chassis and safety systems segment has the largest installed base, including electronic stability control, anti-lock braking, traction control, electric power steering, and airbag control. These applications were early adopters of functional safety MCUs and still need ASIL C or ASIL D certified solutions. The segment is seeing renewed growth from X-by-wire systems (brake-by-wire, steer-by-wire), which do away with mechanical backups and require fail-operational designs with redundant functional safety MCUs. 

The powertrain and electrification segment is growing quickly, fueled by electric vehicle adoption. Applications here include battery management systems for high-voltage batteries, traction inverter control for electric motors, on-board charger control, DC-DC converter control, and hybrid powertrain coordination. Each application needs functional safety MCUs with ASIL C or ASIL D certification based on failure modes and their consequences. 

Regional Insights: 

In 2026, the European region is set to hold the largest share of the global functional safety microcontrollers market. This leadership stems from the region's role in developing automotive functional safety standards, notably ISO 26262, under European guidance. It also includes a concentration of premium automotive manufacturers, such as German brands (BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Audi, Porsche) and French manufacturers (Renault, PSA), which are leaders in safety technology deployment. Additionally, a robust automotive tier-1 supplier ecosystem includes Bosch, Continental, ZF, and Valeo, all of which develop safety-critical systems. The region's strict regulatory environment and safety culture require thorough safety certification. Germany is a leader in the regional market due to its automotive industry, with manufacturers at the forefront of autonomous driving development and advanced safety systems requiring the most sophisticated functional safety MCUs. European automotive OEMs and suppliers have extensive functional safety expertise and dedicated safety engineering teams, fostering continuous improvements in functional safety technology and strong demand for certified MCU solutions. 

The Asia-Pacific region is anticipated to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period. This growth is due to the expanding automotive production in China, Japan, and South Korea, which accounts for over 50% of global vehicle manufacturing. China's vast automotive market and push for ADAS and autonomous driving features are significant factors. The Chinese government mandates advanced safety systems, while the country's growing electric vehicle production leads global EV sales. There is also an increase in domestic automotive semiconductor capabilities, with Chinese companies like Horizon Robotics and Black Sesame working on safety MCUs. Rising safety awareness is driving ADAS adoption in emerging markets. China will contribute significantly to regional growth through government policies such as the Made in China 2025 semiconductor initiative and new energy vehicle mandates. The large scale of automotive production creates a substantial addressable market. Domestic autonomous driving programs like Baidu Apollo and others are making rapid advancements, requiring functional safety compute platforms, with strong government support for local semiconductor industries reducing reliance on imported automotive chips. Japan has a solid market presence as its automotive manufacturers (Toyota, Honda, Nissan) increasingly adopt advanced safety systems, and leading semiconductor suppliers (Renesas, Toshiba, Rohm) provide functional safety MCUs. South Korea also plays a role through its automotive manufacturers (Hyundai, Kia) and leadership in the semiconductor industry. 

North America represents a significant market, driven by advancements in autonomous driving, including programs from GM Cruise and Ford Argo AI (now dissolved), which require extensive functional safety computing. There is strong ADAS adoption fueled by IIHS and NHTSA safety ratings and insurance incentives. Major automotive semiconductor companies like Texas Instruments, Microchip, and ON Semiconductor play a vital role in the market. The region has a cutting-edge automotive technology development ecosystem in Silicon Valley and Detroit, along with a high-value vehicle market that sees significant uptake of premium safety features. The U.S. market is marked by rapid advancements in autonomous driving technology, especially in California and Arizona, where many test programs are based. There is a strong regulatory focus on safety, with NHTSA investigating functional safety requirements for automated systems. The domestic automotive industry (GM, Ford, Stellantis) is heavily investing in electrification and automation, which requires extensive functional safety MCUs.

Key Players:

The major players in the functional safety microcontrollers market include Infineon Technologies AG (Germany), NXP Semiconductors N.V. (Netherlands), Renesas Electronics Corporation (Japan), STMicroelectronics N.V. (Switzerland), Texas Instruments Incorporated (U.S.), Microchip Technology Inc. (U.S.), Analog Devices Inc. (U.S.), ON Semiconductor Corporation (U.S.), Cypress Semiconductor Corporation (now part of Infineon) (U.S.), ROHM Co. Ltd. (Japan), Toshiba Electronic Devices & Storage Corporation (Japan), Fujitsu Limited (Japan), Hitachi Automotive Systems Ltd. (Japan), Kalray SA (France), Nordic Semiconductor ASA (Norway), Telechips Inc. (South Korea), SiEngine Technology (China), Horizon Robotics (China), Black Sesame Technologies (China), and Arm Holdings plc (U.K.), among others.