The Dental 3D Printing Materials Market is expected to reach $2.60 billion by 2028, at a CAGR of 22.4% during the forecast period of 2021 to 2028. The high prevalence of dental diseases like edentulism, increasing demand for cosmetic dentistry, growth in the geriatric population, and technological advancements in dental 3D printing propel market growth. In addition, advancements in the resins used for dental 3D printing and increasing awareness and acceptance of the computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technologies provide lucrative opportunities for the market's growth.
Impact of COVID-19 on the Dental 3D Printing Materials Market
Since the emergence of COVID-19 in November 2019, the pandemic has severely impacted various industries worldwide. The outbreak resulted in a viral pandemic affecting more than 200 countries globally and imposed lockdowns in the countries. Due to the pandemic, several dental departments experienced a decline in procedures resulting in a decline in dental consumables case volumes. This also led to an increased need for social distancing among physicians and other healthcare professionals.
The American Dental Association (ADA) issued guidelines in March 2020 and stated that dental practices be postponed amidst the pandemic to keep the dentists and patients safe from the coronavirus infection. Also, on 3rd August 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) issued recommendations for the provision of only essential oral health services in the context of COVID-19. This suspension of dentistry elective procedures resulted in reduced demand for dental 3D printing and dental consumables.
Further, the pandemic has led to the disruption of the supply chains due to the restrictions on travel and imports exports. This has led to decreased access to dental 3D printing materials. Thus, overall the pandemic has negatively impacted the dental 3D printing materials industry.
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Rising Demand for Cosmetic Dentistry Drives the Growth of the Dental 3D Printing Materials Market
Due to rising awareness regarding oral health and rapid technological advancements, cosmetic procedures are increasing. The demand for cosmetic procedures has been high among populations aged 24–40 and 57–75. Population aged 24–40 majorly demand dental aesthetics, such as implants and veneers for a youthful appearance, while the population aged 57–75 demand dentures. The industry's shifting dynamics is largely due to patients’ choices, which have moved from mere hygiene to definite image enhancement. People are more ready than ever to invest in themselves. Baby boomers with disposable incomes, the younger generation of business people who want the perfect appearance for better careers, and significant advances in the industry have contributed to the rise of cosmetic dentistry.
The American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry states that around 99% think that a smile is their most important social asset. The Harley Street Emporium surveyed in 2018 of more than 1,000 U.K. residents over the age of 18. The survey concluded that the most desired improvement people want to make is cosmetic dentistry. 43% of the people that took part in the survey wanted to improve their teeth with dental treatments.
The introduction and application of two significant concepts, biomimetics, and biocompatibility, have set the stage for the future of the cosmetic dentistry industry. The rise in the disposable income to spend on appearance, social media, celebrity influence, and technological advancements in cosmetic dentistry such as CAD/CAM systems (Computer-Aided Design And Computer-Aided Manufacturing) are the factors contributing to the demand for cosmetic dentistry.
Increasing Awareness and Acceptance of CAD/CAM Technology offer Opportunities for the Dental 3D Printing Materials Market
Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems are widely used in dentistry, mainly for the fabrication of inlays, crowns, fixed partial dentures, and implant prostheses. CAD/CAM technology has been applied to the fabrication of complete dentures, offering many advantages to dentists and patients. This reduces the number of appointments and increases the availability of spare dentures, as digital data is saved.
The dental industry has been using subtractive manufacturing or milling, but it does not consider the internal structure and hence does not reproduce the complex models. However, the CAD software and intricate algorithmic designs, and artificial intelligence help in modeling any object to reproduce it as desired. The penetration levels of this technology have been increasing in the larger laboratories of developed countries. For instance, the penetration levels among laboratories in Europe and the U.S. reached 60% in 2019. In the U.S., and similarly, in Europe, only 45% of small labs use a CAD/CAM system, whereas 98% of large labs either own or lease such a system.
Technological advancements and the availability of hardware/software alternatives are accelerating the adoption of CAD/CAM systems, and even smaller dental clinics are moving ahead with the adoption. The materials available for dental CAD/CAM also offer higher quality, user-friendliness, and enhanced aesthetics.
Key Findings of the Global Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Study:
The dental composites segment is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period.
Similar to polymers, a major advantage of composites is manipulating the manufacturing process to yield the desired material properties. Advances in composites include the introduction of fiber-reinforced composites, self-healing or self-repairing composites, condensable composites/packable composites, organically modified ceramic oligomers, and hybrid ceramics conventional materials additives, altering their physical properties, are driving the market growth.
The dental 3D printing polymer resins sub-segment is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period.
Improvements in resin materials such as the development of new monomers, filler technologies, self-healing capacity, growing research to reduce the polymerization shrinkage, enhanced quality of the resins, and the development of nanofill composites are factors propelling the growth of this segment. In addition, resins’ ability to bond well to the surface of teeth and give a natural look contributes to the growth of the segment.
Asia Pacific: Fastest Growing Market
At the regional level, Europe is expected to account for the largest share of the dental 3D printing materials market in 2021. However, Asia-Pacific is expected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period. The increase in the burden of oral diseases in the region, growing demand for various dental procedures, rise in dental tourism due to the low cost of dental procedures in Asia-Pacific countries, and rise in the geriatric population support the region's growth.
Key Players
The report includes a competitive landscape based on an extensive assessment of the product portfolio offerings, geographic presences, and key strategic developments adopted by leading market players in the industry over the past four years. The key players profiled in the global dental 3D printing materials market are 3D Systems Corporation (U.S.), EnvisionTEC (U.S.), DWS S.r.l. (Italy), Keystone Industries (U.S.), VOCO GmbH (U.S.), DMG Chemisch-Pharmazeutische Fabrik GmbH (Germany), Stratasys Ltd. (Israel), Prodoways Tech (France), Formlabs Inc. (U.S.), DENTSPLY SIRONA Inc. (U.S.), 3M Company (U.S.), Den-Mat Holdings, LLC (U.S.), Shandong Huge Dental Materials Co., Ltd. (China), Ultradent Products, Inc. (U.S.), and Straumann Holding AG (Switzerland) among others.
Scope of the Report:
Dental 3D Printing Materials Market, by Type
Dental 3D Printing Materials Market, by Application
Dental 3D Printing Materials Market, by Geography
Key questions answered in the report:
This report provides pre & post COVID-19 market estimates.
1. Introduction
1.1. Market Definition
1.2. Market Ecosystem
1.3. Currency
1.4. Key Stakeholders
2. Research Methodology
2.1. Research Process
2.2. Data Collection & Validation
2.2.1. Secondary Research
2.2.2. Primary Research
2.3. Market Assessment
2.3.1. Market Size Estimation
2.3.1.1. Bottom-Up Approach
2.3.1.2. Top-Down Approach
2.3.1.3. Growth Forecast
2.3.2. Market Share Analysis
2.4. Assumptions For This Study
2.5. Limitations For The Study
3. Executive Summary
4. Market Insights
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Drivers
4.2.1. High Prevalence Of Dental Diseases
4.2.2. Rising Demand For Cosmetic Dentistry
4.2.3. Rising Geriatric Population
4.2.4. Technological Advancements In 3D Printing
4.3. Challenges
4.3.1. Hesitancy For The Adoption Of Digital Dentistry
4.3.2. Biocompatibility Of Dental Materials
4.4. Opportunities
4.4.1. Advancements In Resins Used For Dental 3D Printing
4.4.2. Increasing Awareness And Acceptance Of Cad/Cam Technology
4.5. Trends
4.5.1. Consolidation Among Private Players
4.6. Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic
5. Global Dental 3D Printing Materials Market, By Type
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Dental Polymers
5.2.1. Resins
5.2.2. Thermoplastics
5.2.3. Other Dental Polymers
5.3. Composites
5.4. Metals
5.5. Ceramics
5.5.1. Zirconia
5.5.2. Alumina
5.5.3. Other Ceramics
6. Dental 3D Printing Materials Market, By Application
6.1. Crown And Bridge Models
6.2. Dentures
6.3. Orthodontic Splints
6.4. Others
7. Dental 3D Printing Materials Market, By Geography
7.1. Introduction
7.2. North America
7.2.1. U.S.
7.2.2. Canada
7.3. Europe
7.3.1. Germany
7.3.2. Italy
7.3.3. Spain
7.3.4. France
7.3.5. U.K.
7.3.6. Rest Of Europe (Roe)
7.4. Asia-Pacific
7.4.1. Japan
7.4.2. China
7.4.3. India
7.4.4. Rest Of Asia-Pacific (Roapac)
7.5. Latin America
7.6. Middle East & Africa
8. Competitive Landscape
8.1. Introduction
8.2. Key Growth Strategies
8.3. Competitive Benchmarking
9. Company Profiles- Dental 3D Printing Materials Market
9.1. 3D Systems Corporation
9.1.1. Business Overview
9.1.2. Financial Overview
9.1.3. Product Portfolio
9.1.4. Strategic Developments
9.2. Envisiontec (A Part Of Desktop Metal, Inc.)
9.2.1. Business Overview
9.2.2. Product Portfolio
9.2.3. Strategic Developments
9.3. Dws S.R.L.
9.3.1. Business Overview
9.3.2. Product Portfolio
9.4. Keystone Industries
9.4.1. Business Overview
9.4.2. Product Portfolio
9.5. Voco Gmbh
9.5.1. Business Overview
9.5.2. Product Portfolio
9.6. Dmg Chemisch-Pharmazeutische Fabrik Gmbh
9.6.1. Business Overview
9.6.2. Product Portfolio
9.6.3. Strategic Developments
9.7. Stratasys Ltd.
9.7.1. Business Overview
9.7.2. Financial Overview
9.7.3. Product Portfolio
9.8. Prodways Tech
9.8.1. Business Overview
9.8.2. Financial Overview
9.8.3. Product Portfolio
9.8.4. Strategic Developments
9.9. Formlabs, Inc.
9.9.1. Business Overview
9.9.2. Product Portfolio
9.9.3. Strategic Developments
9.10. Dentsply Sirona, Inc.
9.10.1. Business Overview
9.10.2. Financial Overview
9.10.3. Product Portfolio
9.10.4. Strategic Developments
9.11. Straumann Holding Ag
9.11.1. Business Overview
9.11.2. Financial Overview
9.11.3. Product Portfolio
9.11.4. Strategic Developments
9.12. 3M Company
9.12.1. Business Overview
9.12.2. Financial Overview
9.12.3. Product Portfolio
9.12.4. Strategic Developments
9.13. Den-Mat Holdings, Llc
9.13.1. Business Overview
9.13.2. Product Portfolio
9.13.3. Strategic Developments
9.14. Shandong Huge Dental Materials Co., Ltd.
9.14.1. Business Overview
9.14.2. Product Portfolio
9.15. Ultradent Products, Inc.
9.15.1. Business Overview
9.15.2. Product Portfolio
9.15.3. Strategic Developments
10. Appendix
10.1. Questionnaire
10.2. Available Customization
List Of Tables
Table 1 Global Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Drivers: Impact Analysis (2021–2028)
Table 2 Technologies Based On The Biomaterials Utilized For Dentistry
Table 3 Launch Of Resins For Dental 3D Printing
Table 4 Impact Assessment Of Covid-19 On Dental 3D Printing Materials Industry (As Of July 2020)
Table 5 Global Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 6 Key Companies Offering Dental 3D Printing Polymers
Table 7 Global Dental 3D Printing Polymers Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 8 Dental 3D Printing Polymers Market Size, By Country/Region, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 9 Dental 3D Printing Polymer Resins Market Size, By Country/Region, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 10 Dental 3D Printing Thermoplastic Polymers Market Size, By Country/Region, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 11 Other Dental 3D Printing Polymers Market Size, By Country/Region, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 12 Key Companies Offering Dental 3D Printing Composites
Table 13 Dental 3D Printing Composites Market Size, By Country/Region, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 14 Key Companies Offering Dental 3D Printing Metals
Table 15 Dental 3D Printing Metals Market Size, By Country/Region, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 16 Key Companies Offering Dental 3D Printing Ceramics
Table 17 Global Dental 3D Printing Ceramics Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 18 Dental 3D Printing Ceramics Market Size, By Country/Region, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 19 Dental 3D Printing Zirconia Market Size, By Country/Region, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 20 Alumina-Based Ceramics: Features & Applications
Table 21 Dental 3D Printing Alumina Market Size, By Country/Region, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 22 Other Dental 3D Printing Ceramics Market Size, By Country/Region, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 23 Global Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Country/Region, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 24 Global Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Application, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 25 Global Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size For Crown And Bridge Models, By Country/Region, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 26 Global Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size For Dentures, By Country/Region, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 27 Global Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size For Orthodontic Splints, By Country/Region, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 28 Global Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size For Other Applications, By Country/Region, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 29 North America: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Country, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 30 North America: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 31 North America: Dental 3D Printing Polymers Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 32 North America: Dental 3D Printing Ceramics Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 33 North America: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Application, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 34 U.S.: Health Expenditures For Dental Services (2016–2019)
Table 35 U.S.: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 36 U.S.: Dental 3D Printing Polymers Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 37 U.S.: Dental 3D Printing Ceramics Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 38 U.S.: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Application, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 39 Canada: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 40 Canada: Dental 3D Printing Polymers Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 41 Canada: Dental 3D Printing Ceramics Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 42 Canada: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Application, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 43 Europe: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Country/Region, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 44 Europe: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 45 Europe: Dental 3D Printing Polymers Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 46 Europe: Dental 3D Printing Ceramics Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 47 Europe: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Application, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 48 Germany: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 49 Germany: Dental 3D Printing Polymers Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 50 Germany: Dental 3D Printing Ceramics Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 51 Germany: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Application, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 52 Italy: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 53 Italy: Dental 3D Printing Polymers Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 54 Italy: Dental 3D Printing Ceramics Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 55 Italy: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Application, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 56 Spain Dental Prices In Comparison To U.S.
Table 57 Spain Dental Prices In Comparison To U.K.
Table 58 Spain: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 59 Spain: Dental 3D Printing Polymers Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 60 Spain: Dental 3D Printing Ceramics Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 61 Spain: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Application, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 62 France: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 63 France: Dental 3D Printing Polymers Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 64 France: Dental 3D Printing Ceramics Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 65 France: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Application, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 66 U.K.: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 67 U.K.: Dental 3D Printing Polymers Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 68 U.K.: Dental 3D Printing Ceramics Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 69 U.K.: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Application, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 70 Geriatric Population In European Countries (2020 Vs 2030)
Table 71 Roe: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 72 Roe: Dental 3D Printing Polymers Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 73 Roe: Dental 3D Printing Ceramics Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 74 Roe: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Application, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 75 Asia-Pacific: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Country/Region, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 76 Asia-Pacific: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 77 Asia-Pacific: Dental 3D Printing Polymers Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 78 Asia-Pacific: Dental 3D Printing Ceramics Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 79 Asia-Pacific: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Application, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 80 Japan: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 81 Japan: Dental 3D Printing Polymers Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 82 Japan: Dental 3D Printing Ceramics Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 83 Japan: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Application, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 84 China: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 85 China: Dental 3D Printing Polymers Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 86 China: Dental 3D Printing Ceramics Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 87 China: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Application, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 88 India: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 89 India: Dental 3D Printing Polymers Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 90 India: Dental 3D Printing Ceramics Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 91 India: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Application, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 92 Roapac: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 93 Roapac: Dental 3D Printing Polymers Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 94 Roapac: Dental 3D Printing Ceramics Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 95 Roapac: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Application, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 96 Cost Comparison Of Dental Procedures: U.S. Vs Latin American Countries
Table 98 Latin America: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 99 Latin America: Dental 3D Printing Polymers Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 100 Latin America: Dental 3D Printing Ceramics Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 101 Cost Comparison Of Dental Procedures: U.K. Vs Turkey
Table 102 Latin America: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Application, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 103 Middle East & Africa: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 104 Middle East & Africa: Dental 3D Printing Polymers Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 105 Middle East & Africa: Dental 3D Printing Ceramics Market Size, By Type, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
Table 106 Middle East & Africa: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Application, 2019–2028 (Usd Million)
List of Figures
Figure 1 Research Process
Figure 2 Key Secondary Sources
Figure 3 Primary Research Techniques
Figure 4 Key Executives Interviewed
Figure 5 Breakdown Of Primary Interviews (Supply-Side & Demand-Side)
Figure 6 Market Size Estimation
Figure 7 Global Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Type, 2021 Vs. 2028 (Usd Million)
Figure 8 Dental 3D Printing Materials Market, By Region
Figure 9 Market Dynamics
Figure 10 Periodontal Disease Prevalence, By Country, 2020
Figure 11 Population Aged 65 Years Or Over, By Region: 2020 Vs 2030
Figure 12 Population Aged 65 Years And Above, By Country (% Of Total Population)
Figure 13 Global Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Type, 2021–2028
(Usd Million)
Figure 14 Competitive Benchmarking : Dental 3D Printing Materials, By Type
Figure 15 Global Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Size, By Region, 2021–2028 (Usd Million)
Figure 16 North America: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Snapshot
Figure 17 Penetration Of Digital Technologies For Dental Labs In U.S. (2015 Vs 2019)
Figure 18 Canada: Dental Health Expenditure (2015–2019)
Figure 19 Europe: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Snapshot
Figure 20 U.K.: Percentage Of Adults With No Natural Teeth (2018)
Figure 21 Asia-Pacific: Dental 3D Printing Materials Market Snapshot
Figure 22 Japan: Population Ages 65 And Above (% Of Total Population) 2018–2020
Figure 23 Roapac: Geriatric Population (2020 Vs 2030)
Figure 24 Key Growth Strategies Adopted By Leading Players, 2018–2021
Figure 25 Dental 3D Printing Materials Market: Competitive Benchmarking, By Product
Figure 26 3D Systems Corporation: Financial Overview (2020)
Figure 27 Stratasys Ltd.: Financial Overview (2020)
Figure 28 Prodways Group: Financial Overview (2020)
Figure 29 Dentsply Sirona, Inc.: Financial Overview (2020)
Figure 30 Straumann Holding Ag.: Financial Overview (2020)
Figure 31 3M Company: Financial Overview (2020)
This report provides pre & post COVID-19 market estimates.
This report provides pre & post COVID-19 market estimates.
Published Date: Jan-2023
Published Date: Jan-2023
Published Date: Jan-2023
Published Date: Jan-2023
Published Date: Jan-2023
